Volume 38,Issue 增刊,2010 Table of Contents
2010, 38(增刊):1-5.
Abstract:
By means of the data of daily 10minute mean maximum wind speed in autumn at Yantai,Weihai and Rizhao, the venues of the 11th Chinese National Games, some climatic features are analyzed. The results indicate that the gale days in autumn decreased annually; the gale weather happened more frequently in the northern coast (Weihai and Yantai) than in the southern coast (Rizhao), especially in Weihai. The analysis based on the synoptic charts from 2001 to 2008 shows that the influencing synoptic systems include lowtrough cold fronts, cyclone, and tropical cyclones, and the weather patterns include “high in the east and low in the west” and “high in the south and low in the north.” Based on the NCEP reanalysis data, the average pressure field for each synoptic system was analyzed, and the mean circulation patterns for various weather systems contributed to gale weather are given.
By means of the data of daily 10minute mean maximum wind speed in autumn at Yantai,Weihai and Rizhao, the venues of the 11th Chinese National Games, some climatic features are analyzed. The results indicate that the gale days in autumn decreased annually; the gale weather happened more frequently in the northern coast (Weihai and Yantai) than in the southern coast (Rizhao), especially in Weihai. The analysis based on the synoptic charts from 2001 to 2008 shows that the influencing synoptic systems include lowtrough cold fronts, cyclone, and tropical cyclones, and the weather patterns include “high in the east and low in the west” and “high in the south and low in the north.” Based on the NCEP reanalysis data, the average pressure field for each synoptic system was analyzed, and the mean circulation patterns for various weather systems contributed to gale weather are given.
2010, 38(增刊):6-12.
Abstract:
The WRFRUC was applied during the 11th Chinese National Games in Shandong based on the BJRUC in Beijing Municipal Bureau. With the WRFRUC system, the fineresolution numerical products were developed for the 11th Chinese National Games weather service. The operational running scheme is introduced, and the singlestation forecasting outputs from the model with different resolution and starting times are analyzed and tested for the weather forecasting service at the opening ceremony. Three different models, WRFRUC, MM5 and ARPS, are compared. The assessment results of forecasting outputs of the models are useful for weather forecasters in the application of numerical weather forecasting products.
The WRFRUC was applied during the 11th Chinese National Games in Shandong based on the BJRUC in Beijing Municipal Bureau. With the WRFRUC system, the fineresolution numerical products were developed for the 11th Chinese National Games weather service. The operational running scheme is introduced, and the singlestation forecasting outputs from the model with different resolution and starting times are analyzed and tested for the weather forecasting service at the opening ceremony. Three different models, WRFRUC, MM5 and ARPS, are compared. The assessment results of forecasting outputs of the models are useful for weather forecasters in the application of numerical weather forecasting products.
2010, 38(增刊):13-23.
Abstract:
By means of the conventional weather charts, numerical simulation results and NCEP reanalysis data, 91 autumn precipitation events in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2008 are analyzed. The influencing factors, including lowtrough cold front, cyclone, typhoon, shear line, upper cold vortex, transversal trough, and southern trough, are also studied. In order to tackle the difficulty in graded precipitation forecasting, the precipitation induced by certain influencing weather systems are graded, and then the circulation features, the physical characteristics, and forecasting hints for certain grade precipitation induced by the same weather system are studied. The results provided reference for the refined precipitation forecast during the 11th Chinese National Games, and can also be used for reference in precipitation prediction service.
By means of the conventional weather charts, numerical simulation results and NCEP reanalysis data, 91 autumn precipitation events in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2008 are analyzed. The influencing factors, including lowtrough cold front, cyclone, typhoon, shear line, upper cold vortex, transversal trough, and southern trough, are also studied. In order to tackle the difficulty in graded precipitation forecasting, the precipitation induced by certain influencing weather systems are graded, and then the circulation features, the physical characteristics, and forecasting hints for certain grade precipitation induced by the same weather system are studied. The results provided reference for the refined precipitation forecast during the 11th Chinese National Games, and can also be used for reference in precipitation prediction service.
2010, 38(增刊):24-28.
Abstract:
Using the data of 500 hPa heights over the Northern Hemisphere, North Pacific SST, atmospheric circulation, precipitation, etc. (1951 to 2009), the effects of various factors on the precipitation tendency in October 2009 are analyzed by using the methods of correlation analysis, composite analysis, EOF, wavelet analysis, etc. The results show that there are three distribution patterns of precipitation in Shandong in October 2009 Shandong is generally in the raindeficient period or the transition period from raindeficient to plentiful rainfall at various time scales. All the indicators, such as the weakening of the California cold flow in spring of 2009, El Nino starting from June 2009, and the strengthened, consistently farther west than normal，normal,farther south than normal West Pacific Subtropical high, show that the precipitation in October in Shandong will be less than normal, which accords basically with the observation.
Using the data of 500 hPa heights over the Northern Hemisphere, North Pacific SST, atmospheric circulation, precipitation, etc. (1951 to 2009), the effects of various factors on the precipitation tendency in October 2009 are analyzed by using the methods of correlation analysis, composite analysis, EOF, wavelet analysis, etc. The results show that there are three distribution patterns of precipitation in Shandong in October 2009 Shandong is generally in the raindeficient period or the transition period from raindeficient to plentiful rainfall at various time scales. All the indicators, such as the weakening of the California cold flow in spring of 2009, El Nino starting from June 2009, and the strengthened, consistently farther west than normal，normal,farther south than normal West Pacific Subtropical high, show that the precipitation in October in Shandong will be less than normal, which accords basically with the observation.
2010, 38(增刊):29-34.
Abstract:
Based on the conventional observation，automatic weather station precipitation，satellite cloud images and radar data, the heavy rain occurred between 9 and 10 2009 in Shandong is analyzed． The results reveal that the heavy rain attributed mainly to a lowlevel cold shear line. The heavy rainfall mainly appeared on the right side of the lowlevel cold shear line，the northeast quadrant of the southwest vortex, and the left front of the lowlevel jet, i.e., the coupling areas of lower and upperlevel jets. The southwest jet, located on the west side of the subtropical high, established the water vapor channel from the South China Sea to the central North China， which provided adequate warm, moist air and energy for the development of heavy rain, the necessary condition for the longtime stagnation of the lowlevel shear line. At the same time, the southwest warm and wet jet strengthened the convergence of the vortex by injecting water vapor and energy into the vortex of the shear line．The ground frontal cyclone was the trigger of the heavy rain. The convergence of the northeast cold air and the southwest warm and wet air over Shandong enhanced the convection and release of instability energy produced by the rainstorm． Under the condition of lowlevel convergence and highlevel weak divergence, the vortex motion in the vortex region strengthened the motion of the water vapor parcel. When some mesoscale convective systems (MCS) passed through the heavy rain area，the radar echoes showed mixing echo zones composed of stratiform clouds， which means that the convection was not strong．
Based on the conventional observation，automatic weather station precipitation，satellite cloud images and radar data, the heavy rain occurred between 9 and 10 2009 in Shandong is analyzed． The results reveal that the heavy rain attributed mainly to a lowlevel cold shear line. The heavy rainfall mainly appeared on the right side of the lowlevel cold shear line，the northeast quadrant of the southwest vortex, and the left front of the lowlevel jet, i.e., the coupling areas of lower and upperlevel jets. The southwest jet, located on the west side of the subtropical high, established the water vapor channel from the South China Sea to the central North China， which provided adequate warm, moist air and energy for the development of heavy rain, the necessary condition for the longtime stagnation of the lowlevel shear line. At the same time, the southwest warm and wet jet strengthened the convergence of the vortex by injecting water vapor and energy into the vortex of the shear line．The ground frontal cyclone was the trigger of the heavy rain. The convergence of the northeast cold air and the southwest warm and wet air over Shandong enhanced the convection and release of instability energy produced by the rainstorm． Under the condition of lowlevel convergence and highlevel weak divergence, the vortex motion in the vortex region strengthened the motion of the water vapor parcel. When some mesoscale convective systems (MCS) passed through the heavy rain area，the radar echoes showed mixing echo zones composed of stratiform clouds， which means that the convection was not strong．
2010, 38(增刊):35-41.
Abstract:
With the mesoscale model MM5, the rainstorm process of Typhoon Wipha on 19 and 20 September is simulated successfully. Based on the MICAPS data and mesoscale numerical simulation products, the low pressure structure characteristics and heavy rain area of Typhoon Wipha are analyzed. It is found that there existed divergence at high altitudes and convergence at low altitudes. The heavy rainfall was produced by the convergence of abundant vapor in the southeastern Shandong and to the south of the Shandong peninsula, which was induced by the moist southerly stream from the sea at the right side of the typhoon. The wind speed of typhoon center was relatively smaller than that of the strong wind center on the sea, and the windspeed mates are formed between the two centers. The heavy rain mainly happened in the areas with large wind speed gradient between the windspeed mates in the midlow layer. Because of the landsea difference of the underlying surface, the physical structure of the typhoon under low pressure was eastwest asymmetric, and moreover, the upmovements over land and sea areas had different characters. The up movement of the sea areas was stronger and more unstable than that on the land. The heavy rainfall occurred in the eastern part of the inverted typhoon trough. The increment of precipitation was related to the remarkable pulsation downward movement of the highaltitude southeast jet, highaltitude positive vortex center, and negative divergence center.
With the mesoscale model MM5, the rainstorm process of Typhoon Wipha on 19 and 20 September is simulated successfully. Based on the MICAPS data and mesoscale numerical simulation products, the low pressure structure characteristics and heavy rain area of Typhoon Wipha are analyzed. It is found that there existed divergence at high altitudes and convergence at low altitudes. The heavy rainfall was produced by the convergence of abundant vapor in the southeastern Shandong and to the south of the Shandong peninsula, which was induced by the moist southerly stream from the sea at the right side of the typhoon. The wind speed of typhoon center was relatively smaller than that of the strong wind center on the sea, and the windspeed mates are formed between the two centers. The heavy rain mainly happened in the areas with large wind speed gradient between the windspeed mates in the midlow layer. Because of the landsea difference of the underlying surface, the physical structure of the typhoon under low pressure was eastwest asymmetric, and moreover, the upmovements over land and sea areas had different characters. The up movement of the sea areas was stronger and more unstable than that on the land. The heavy rainfall occurred in the eastern part of the inverted typhoon trough. The increment of precipitation was related to the remarkable pulsation downward movement of the highaltitude southeast jet, highaltitude positive vortex center, and negative divergence center.
2010, 38(增刊):42-45.
Abstract:
Based on conventional observational data and mesoscale numerical simulation results, a rare heavy rainfall event occurred in the southern Shandong Province between 17 and 18 August 2009 is analyzed. The results indicate that the rainstorm was influenced jointly by the subtropical anticyclone, the upperlevel westerly trough, and the ground inverted trough. The strong south airflow set up the water vapor channel where water vapor can flow to Shandong Province continuously. Meanwhile，the convective unstable stratification was formed over Shandong Province. During the heavy rainstorm process, there was a strong mesoβvortex system over the rainfall area, which was characterized by strong and narrow vertical ascending motion, a vertical structure with convergence at the lower levels and divergence at upper levels, and strong convective instability.
Based on conventional observational data and mesoscale numerical simulation results, a rare heavy rainfall event occurred in the southern Shandong Province between 17 and 18 August 2009 is analyzed. The results indicate that the rainstorm was influenced jointly by the subtropical anticyclone, the upperlevel westerly trough, and the ground inverted trough. The strong south airflow set up the water vapor channel where water vapor can flow to Shandong Province continuously. Meanwhile，the convective unstable stratification was formed over Shandong Province. During the heavy rainstorm process, there was a strong mesoβvortex system over the rainfall area, which was characterized by strong and narrow vertical ascending motion, a vertical structure with convergence at the lower levels and divergence at upper levels, and strong convective instability.
2010, 38(增刊):46-50.
Abstract:
The seeding operation scheme for testing the effectiveness of artificial modification, including rockets and aircrafts, is designed. The data collected by a laser raindrop spectrometer in the autumn of 2009 are analyzed. The relative distance and position of the rocket operating point and the laser raindrop spectrometer are calculated. For the purpose of facilitating the operational flexibility in application, the results were marked on the Doppler radar map. Through analyzing the data of 5338 minutes in total of the density of raindrops in 10 precipitation processes, it is shown that in 87.6% of cases the raindrop density was less than 500 for autumn mixing clouds, and in very low percentage of cases the raindrop density was above 3000. The raindrop concentration distributions of different processes have a significant difference. The largest density of 6003 was observed on 16 October 2009, which might be influenced by the artificial rain reduction with rockets.
The seeding operation scheme for testing the effectiveness of artificial modification, including rockets and aircrafts, is designed. The data collected by a laser raindrop spectrometer in the autumn of 2009 are analyzed. The relative distance and position of the rocket operating point and the laser raindrop spectrometer are calculated. For the purpose of facilitating the operational flexibility in application, the results were marked on the Doppler radar map. Through analyzing the data of 5338 minutes in total of the density of raindrops in 10 precipitation processes, it is shown that in 87.6% of cases the raindrop density was less than 500 for autumn mixing clouds, and in very low percentage of cases the raindrop density was above 3000. The raindrop concentration distributions of different processes have a significant difference. The largest density of 6003 was observed on 16 October 2009, which might be influenced by the artificial rain reduction with rockets.
Gong Dianli
,
Li Chunhu
,
Zhao Jian
,
Liu Wen
,
Wang Jun
,
Wang Qing
,
Zhang Hongsheng
,
Fan Mingyue
2010, 38(增刊):51-55.
Abstract:
The weather background and the protectivearea design of artificial rain mitigation during the opening ceremony of the 11th Chinese National Games are introduced briefly. For technical support, the demands and countermeasures of targetareas excessive seeding by rockets and 37mm cannon on monitoring and forecasting, airspace guarantee, instruction transmission, launching operation, ammunition supply, etc., are analyzed. At the same time, the main tasks at the key time nodes for emergent weather modification service are introduced, and the technical key points and task requirements of operation decisionmaking, plan implementation, crossregion cloud seeding, etc. are discussed. The application in experiments before and during the opening ceremony of the 11th Chinese National Games indicate that the design of above technical procedures satisfies the technical demands of artificial rain mitigation.
The weather background and the protectivearea design of artificial rain mitigation during the opening ceremony of the 11th Chinese National Games are introduced briefly. For technical support, the demands and countermeasures of targetareas excessive seeding by rockets and 37mm cannon on monitoring and forecasting, airspace guarantee, instruction transmission, launching operation, ammunition supply, etc., are analyzed. At the same time, the main tasks at the key time nodes for emergent weather modification service are introduced, and the technical key points and task requirements of operation decisionmaking, plan implementation, crossregion cloud seeding, etc. are discussed. The application in experiments before and during the opening ceremony of the 11th Chinese National Games indicate that the design of above technical procedures satisfies the technical demands of artificial rain mitigation.
2010, 38(增刊):56-59.
Abstract:
By using the MODIS and FY2 satellite data on October 16 2009 and the Rosenfeld satellite retrieval method, the cloud microphysical characteristics are retrieved. By analyzing the microphysical characteristics of cloud parameters, such as the effective radius of cloud particles and supercooled water content, as well as artificial rain reduction operating conditions, the preliminary impacts of weather systems on the opening ceremony and the effectiveness of artificial rain reduction are analyzed. It is showed that the cold air spread from the Mongolian cyclone was developed. After the artificial rain reduction, the height of cloud tops continued to decline while the noseeding clouds seemed to develop, which indicates that the artificial rain reduction operation suppressed, to a certain degree, the development of convective clouds.
By using the MODIS and FY2 satellite data on October 16 2009 and the Rosenfeld satellite retrieval method, the cloud microphysical characteristics are retrieved. By analyzing the microphysical characteristics of cloud parameters, such as the effective radius of cloud particles and supercooled water content, as well as artificial rain reduction operating conditions, the preliminary impacts of weather systems on the opening ceremony and the effectiveness of artificial rain reduction are analyzed. It is showed that the cold air spread from the Mongolian cyclone was developed. After the artificial rain reduction, the height of cloud tops continued to decline while the noseeding clouds seemed to develop, which indicates that the artificial rain reduction operation suppressed, to a certain degree, the development of convective clouds.
2010, 38(增刊):60-67.
Abstract:
The convective weather process influencing Shandong Province during the opening ceremony of the 11th Chinese National Games is simulated with the threedimensional numerical model developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and the results of the simulation are analyzed. The results show that the simulated clouds are consistent with the observation clouds very well. Different seeding schemes with excessive AgI were designed, and the rainfall on the ground shows that the effectiveness of the seeding scheme with proper seeding position and initial seeding time was better. The comparison of natural clouds and simulated clouds is conducted，and the principles of rain dispersal are discussed. The AgI dosage and seeding location used in the simulation are almost consistent with those in the real operations, which can be used for reference in weather modification operations.
The convective weather process influencing Shandong Province during the opening ceremony of the 11th Chinese National Games is simulated with the threedimensional numerical model developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and the results of the simulation are analyzed. The results show that the simulated clouds are consistent with the observation clouds very well. Different seeding schemes with excessive AgI were designed, and the rainfall on the ground shows that the effectiveness of the seeding scheme with proper seeding position and initial seeding time was better. The comparison of natural clouds and simulated clouds is conducted，and the principles of rain dispersal are discussed. The AgI dosage and seeding location used in the simulation are almost consistent with those in the real operations, which can be used for reference in weather modification operations.
2010, 38(增刊):68-72.
Abstract:
A comparative analysis between satelliteretrieved products and AWS data is conducted. The results show that cloud top height, cloud top temperature, cold layer thickness, and cloud optical thickness were insensitive to precipitation, and cloud particle effective radius and cloud liquid water path in this precipitation process are highly indicative of precipitation, especially the liquid water path. The changes of the two cloud parameters occur 30 minutes to 1 hour ahead of surface precipitation. There is a positive correlation between the two cloud parameters and surface precipitation. The areas with the cloud liquid water greater than 400 g/m-2 and the effective radius of cloud particles greater than 27 μm are in agreement with the large rainfall centers. To understand the evolution of cloud parameters can help monitor and identify the conditions and seedable areas for largescale weather modification operations.
A comparative analysis between satelliteretrieved products and AWS data is conducted. The results show that cloud top height, cloud top temperature, cold layer thickness, and cloud optical thickness were insensitive to precipitation, and cloud particle effective radius and cloud liquid water path in this precipitation process are highly indicative of precipitation, especially the liquid water path. The changes of the two cloud parameters occur 30 minutes to 1 hour ahead of surface precipitation. There is a positive correlation between the two cloud parameters and surface precipitation. The areas with the cloud liquid water greater than 400 g/m-2 and the effective radius of cloud particles greater than 27 μm are in agreement with the large rainfall centers. To understand the evolution of cloud parameters can help monitor and identify the conditions and seedable areas for largescale weather modification operations.
2010, 38(增刊):73-77.
Abstract:
Using the data observed by a laser raindrop spectrometer, the raindropsize distribution characteristics of mixedcloud precipitation of Shandong in 29 August 2009 are analyzed. It is found that precipitation intensity is decided by the maximum diameter, and correlated positively with the density of raindrops, having week relationship with the average diameter. In the precipitation, the raindrop sizes show bimodal and multipeak distribution mainly, with the peak around 0.5 mm. The temporal variations of the fitted Gammadistribution parameters are slow and have consistent tendencies. The relationship between radar echo intensity and rain intensity is set up.
Using the data observed by a laser raindrop spectrometer, the raindropsize distribution characteristics of mixedcloud precipitation of Shandong in 29 August 2009 are analyzed. It is found that precipitation intensity is decided by the maximum diameter, and correlated positively with the density of raindrops, having week relationship with the average diameter. In the precipitation, the raindrop sizes show bimodal and multipeak distribution mainly, with the peak around 0.5 mm. The temporal variations of the fitted Gammadistribution parameters are slow and have consistent tendencies. The relationship between radar echo intensity and rain intensity is set up.
2010, 38(增刊):78-82.
Abstract:
The wind retrieval of a mixed cloud precipitation between 19 and 20 September in Shandong Province is conducted by using the EVAP method according to Doppler radar volume data at Qihe. The retrieved winds reveal the evolution details of this precipitation process, in particular the mesoscale wind structure, the location of a convergence line, and their evolution characteristics clearly. The results indicate that changes of winds at all levels accorded basically with the results of conventional radiosonde observations. In the first half period of the precipitation process, there existed a mesoscale convergence line, and in the later period, along with the cold air strengthening, southward invasion and fully controlling the underlying layers, precipitation weakened and ended gradually. The retrieved winds can reflect the position of the convergence line simultaneously, which are useful for the selection of time and position in weather modification.
The wind retrieval of a mixed cloud precipitation between 19 and 20 September in Shandong Province is conducted by using the EVAP method according to Doppler radar volume data at Qihe. The retrieved winds reveal the evolution details of this precipitation process, in particular the mesoscale wind structure, the location of a convergence line, and their evolution characteristics clearly. The results indicate that changes of winds at all levels accorded basically with the results of conventional radiosonde observations. In the first half period of the precipitation process, there existed a mesoscale convergence line, and in the later period, along with the cold air strengthening, southward invasion and fully controlling the underlying layers, precipitation weakened and ended gradually. The retrieved winds can reflect the position of the convergence line simultaneously, which are useful for the selection of time and position in weather modification.
2010, 38(增刊):83-87.
Abstract:
Combining the conventional sounding data with from radar, satellite, and the automatic weather station data, an analysis is made of the surface operation drills of artificial rain reduction during the 11th Chinese National Games between 19 and 20 September 2009. It is a relatively stable process with small to moderate rainfall, which provided good conditions for the experiments of artificial rain reduction. Based on the two excessive seeding experiments in at the night of 19 September and the morning of 20 September, the contrast is conducted between the radar data before and after operation. At the same time, the physical examination for the effect of weather modification is carried out. The results proved satisfactory, which can provide useful references for further weather modification experiments.
Combining the conventional sounding data with from radar, satellite, and the automatic weather station data, an analysis is made of the surface operation drills of artificial rain reduction during the 11th Chinese National Games between 19 and 20 September 2009. It is a relatively stable process with small to moderate rainfall, which provided good conditions for the experiments of artificial rain reduction. Based on the two excessive seeding experiments in at the night of 19 September and the morning of 20 September, the contrast is conducted between the radar data before and after operation. At the same time, the physical examination for the effect of weather modification is carried out. The results proved satisfactory, which can provide useful references for further weather modification experiments.
Yang Chengfang
,
Wang Yehong
,
Li Jing
,
Zhang Shaolin
,
Weng Xilei
,
Zhao Jingfeng
,
Cong Chunhua
,
Gao Liuxi
2010, 38(增刊):88-92.
Abstract:
Based on the data between August and October from 1971 to 2007 in Shandong, several disasters are evaluated. The results show that there are 9 kinds of meteorological disasters that may influence the 11th Chinese National Games, and the risk grades in different months vary. To sort the risk grades from low to high, the influencing meteorological disasters in August, September, and October include: thunderstorm, rainstorm, typhoon, fog, hail, heavy rainfall, high temperature, continuious rain, and strong wind in succession in August; thunderstorm, fog, strong wind, rainstorm, heavy rainfall, typhoon, high temperature, and hail in September; heavy rain, fog, strong wind, continuous rain, rainstorm, high temperature, hail, and typhoon in October. The occurence probability of metereological disasters is very low on the opening ceremony day and closing ceremony day. The evaluation results were applied in the meteorological support of the 11th Chinese National Games
Based on the data between August and October from 1971 to 2007 in Shandong, several disasters are evaluated. The results show that there are 9 kinds of meteorological disasters that may influence the 11th Chinese National Games, and the risk grades in different months vary. To sort the risk grades from low to high, the influencing meteorological disasters in August, September, and October include: thunderstorm, rainstorm, typhoon, fog, hail, heavy rainfall, high temperature, continuious rain, and strong wind in succession in August; thunderstorm, fog, strong wind, rainstorm, heavy rainfall, typhoon, high temperature, and hail in September; heavy rain, fog, strong wind, continuous rain, rainstorm, high temperature, hail, and typhoon in October. The occurence probability of metereological disasters is very low on the opening ceremony day and closing ceremony day. The evaluation results were applied in the meteorological support of the 11th Chinese National Games
2010, 38(增刊):93-96.
Abstract:
The number of lightning days in Shandong in October from 1959 to 2008 is analyzed. Based on the landform characteristics of Shandong Province, the frequency of lightning, the density of population in Shandong, and sports events of the 11th Chinese National Games, by means of the fuzzy mathematic method, the sensitivities of disaster environment, the risks of disasters occurrence, and the vulnerabilities of the city for different areas are calculated, and the risk assessment model of lightning in Shandong for the 11th Chinese National Games is established. Whereby the grades are divided objectively, and the risk grades and regionalization for the 11th Chinese National Games in Shandong are obtained.
The number of lightning days in Shandong in October from 1959 to 2008 is analyzed. Based on the landform characteristics of Shandong Province, the frequency of lightning, the density of population in Shandong, and sports events of the 11th Chinese National Games, by means of the fuzzy mathematic method, the sensitivities of disaster environment, the risks of disasters occurrence, and the vulnerabilities of the city for different areas are calculated, and the risk assessment model of lightning in Shandong for the 11th Chinese National Games is established. Whereby the grades are divided objectively, and the risk grades and regionalization for the 11th Chinese National Games in Shandong are obtained.
2010, 38(增刊):97-101.
Abstract:
The interannual variation of the urban heat island effect in Jinan is analyzed based on the observation data from 1964 to 2006, and it is found out that the annual average temperature in Jinan shows an obvious rising trend since 1951 By using the hourtohour temperature data of 2007 to 2008 from the local automatic meteorological station, in combination with GIS data, the spatial and temporal distribution of urban heat island effect in Jinan is obtained. The results show that the urban heat island intensity in Jinan is the greatest around the Quancheng Square, the municipal government, with a ringshaped distribution in all seasons. The heat island intensity is the strongest in winter, then autumn and spring, the weakest in summer. The urban heat island intensity exhibits the diurnal variation pattern of greater at night and less in daytime. The urban heat island intensity shows regular change with a period of a day and has a feature of rapid formation and rapid disappearance.
The interannual variation of the urban heat island effect in Jinan is analyzed based on the observation data from 1964 to 2006, and it is found out that the annual average temperature in Jinan shows an obvious rising trend since 1951 By using the hourtohour temperature data of 2007 to 2008 from the local automatic meteorological station, in combination with GIS data, the spatial and temporal distribution of urban heat island effect in Jinan is obtained. The results show that the urban heat island intensity in Jinan is the greatest around the Quancheng Square, the municipal government, with a ringshaped distribution in all seasons. The heat island intensity is the strongest in winter, then autumn and spring, the weakest in summer. The urban heat island intensity exhibits the diurnal variation pattern of greater at night and less in daytime. The urban heat island intensity shows regular change with a period of a day and has a feature of rapid formation and rapid disappearance.
2010, 38(增刊):102-104.
Abstract:
The basic working principles of the servo system for the new generation weather radar at Linyi are discussed, whereby the faults occurred in servo system in recent years are analyzed, and the methods for troubleshooting the servo system are given. Specifically taking a failure case occurred during the 11th Chinese National Games as an example, the troubleshooting procedures are introduced in detail, which can provide references for the maintenance of new generation weather radar.
The basic working principles of the servo system for the new generation weather radar at Linyi are discussed, whereby the faults occurred in servo system in recent years are analyzed, and the methods for troubleshooting the servo system are given. Specifically taking a failure case occurred during the 11th Chinese National Games as an example, the troubleshooting procedures are introduced in detail, which can provide references for the maintenance of new generation weather radar.
2010, 38(增刊):105-109.
Abstract:
The antenna recovery swing beyond the standards is a serious failure of the radar antenna control system, which can reduce the control accuracy of the radar antenna and wear the mechanical structure of the antenna servo system. The antenna recovery swing failure of the CTL713C weather radar at Heze during the 11th Chinese National Games is analyzed. According to the angle signal flow, the antenna control circuit of the 713 radar is analyzed. Through comparing the realtime data with the normal data of the key nodes to find the fault location, the antenna recovery swing was adjusted to meet the radar requirement. It proved that the signal flow analysis is useful in the troubleshooting of radar.
The antenna recovery swing beyond the standards is a serious failure of the radar antenna control system, which can reduce the control accuracy of the radar antenna and wear the mechanical structure of the antenna servo system. The antenna recovery swing failure of the CTL713C weather radar at Heze during the 11th Chinese National Games is analyzed. According to the angle signal flow, the antenna control circuit of the 713 radar is analyzed. Through comparing the realtime data with the normal data of the key nodes to find the fault location, the antenna recovery swing was adjusted to meet the radar requirement. It proved that the signal flow analysis is useful in the troubleshooting of radar.
2010, 38(增刊):110-112.
Abstract:
A set of abnormal shallow soil temperature data from the CAWS600B automatic weather station at Pingyin is analyzed and the troubleshooting procedure is described.A rapid determination of the fault location and troubleshooting approach, in case of abnormal data is given by the CAWS600B automatic weather station without a soil temperature sensor in maintenance onsite, is introduced. According to the principle of the adverse stepbystep malfunction elimination in soil temperature data acquisition, troubleshooting was conducted from five aspects: software setting, the soil temperature channel of the data collector, the signal cable, the temperature transmitter, and the temperature sensor. The results provided good references for the maintenance of the automatic station during the 11th Chinese National Game.
A set of abnormal shallow soil temperature data from the CAWS600B automatic weather station at Pingyin is analyzed and the troubleshooting procedure is described.A rapid determination of the fault location and troubleshooting approach, in case of abnormal data is given by the CAWS600B automatic weather station without a soil temperature sensor in maintenance onsite, is introduced. According to the principle of the adverse stepbystep malfunction elimination in soil temperature data acquisition, troubleshooting was conducted from five aspects: software setting, the soil temperature channel of the data collector, the signal cable, the temperature transmitter, and the temperature sensor. The results provided good references for the maintenance of the automatic station during the 11th Chinese National Game.
2010, 38(增刊):113-117.
Abstract:
The structure and measuring principles of laser raindrop spectrometers are described, and comparison is conduced between rainfall measurements observed synchronously by a laser raindrop spectrometer and automatic meteorological station. The relationship between rainfall and radar reflectivity obtained by a new generation Doppler Rader is discussed. It is found that the temporal variation tendencies of the rainfall intensities observed by the laser raindrop spectrometer and automatic meteorological station are similar, but the variances of the intensities are different. The maximum rainfall intensity observed by the laser raindrop spectrometer is much larger than that obtained by the automatic meteorological station, and the appearing time observed by the laser raindrop spectrometer is much earlier. Through contrastive analyse between the two kinds of rainfall measurements with radar reflectivity, it is concluded that the rainfall probed by the laser raindrop spectrometer in good accord with radar reflectivity.
The structure and measuring principles of laser raindrop spectrometers are described, and comparison is conduced between rainfall measurements observed synchronously by a laser raindrop spectrometer and automatic meteorological station. The relationship between rainfall and radar reflectivity obtained by a new generation Doppler Rader is discussed. It is found that the temporal variation tendencies of the rainfall intensities observed by the laser raindrop spectrometer and automatic meteorological station are similar, but the variances of the intensities are different. The maximum rainfall intensity observed by the laser raindrop spectrometer is much larger than that obtained by the automatic meteorological station, and the appearing time observed by the laser raindrop spectrometer is much earlier. Through contrastive analyse between the two kinds of rainfall measurements with radar reflectivity, it is concluded that the rainfall probed by the laser raindrop spectrometer in good accord with radar reflectivity.
2010, 38(增刊):118-120.
Abstract:
Considering the existing shortcomings of the television conference system and the current needs of weather forecast consultation at the provincial level, by means of the matrix theory and central control system, an appropriate model, which fits the current needs very well, is developed. Through programming the control instructions for the CRESTRON central control system, the computer control of the multipoint dual video mode at same site is realized. The explanations of the program codes are given. The verification of the multipoint dual video mode in the provincial video conference consultations indicates that the system is simple and stable, and was applied in the 11th Chinese National Games successfully.
Considering the existing shortcomings of the television conference system and the current needs of weather forecast consultation at the provincial level, by means of the matrix theory and central control system, an appropriate model, which fits the current needs very well, is developed. Through programming the control instructions for the CRESTRON central control system, the computer control of the multipoint dual video mode at same site is realized. The explanations of the program codes are given. The verification of the multipoint dual video mode in the provincial video conference consultations indicates that the system is simple and stable, and was applied in the 11th Chinese National Games successfully.
External LinksChina Meteorological AdministrationCMA Meteorological Observation CentreChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing Meteorological ServiceNational Satellite Meteorological Center
You are thevisitors
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.