Risk Zoning of Beijing Rainstorm Disasters Based on 1-km Resolution Grids
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Abstract:
The existing comprehensive risk assessments of storms and floods in many cities in China often underestimate the risks caused by torrential rains and geological disasters induced by heavy rains in complex terrain area and insufficient estimates of urban traffic safety risks. At the same time, due to the influence of terrain and urban heat islands, the geographical spatial characteristics of heavy rains are obvious. It is difficult to describe the spatial distribution of storm hazard risks by the conventional meteorological observation data. Based on the theory of natural disaster risk assessment, this paper uses the yeartoyear precipitation observation data of 293 meteorological automatic stations in Beijing from 2006 to 2017, the 1〖DK〗∶25×104 basic geographic information in 2015, the Landsat8 clearsky remote sensing images in 2016, disaster data, as well as other socioeconomic aids. The shortduration rainstorm frequency and rainstorm process rainfall indicators are used to assess the risk of rainstorm disasters. Based on the topography and river network factors, the impervious coverage index is introduced to reflect the environmental sensitivity of the disasterstricken environment. Based on the exposure of the hazardbearing body, the study fully considers the sensitivity difference of the disasterstricken body to the urban floods, mountain torrents and geological disasters caused by heavy rainfall. From the respects of the risk of rainstorm disasters, the sensitivity of the environment to the disasters, and the vulnerability of the disaster victims, a fine comprehensive risk zoning with a resolution of 1 km is carried out for the heavy rain disasters in Beijing, and the actual case was analyzed. The results show that: (1) The gridded shortduration rainstorm frequency and the heavy rain amount based on the highdensity precipitation observation data can be used to evaluate the hazard risk more accurately; the impervious cover, terrain relief and river network density based on remote sensing and GIS extraction can be used to effectively assess the environmental sensitivity of storm floods and floods; based on 1km grid GDP, population density, road network density and damage sensitivity coefficient can be used to effectively assess the vulnerability of the rainstorminduced waterlogging, mountain torrents and geological disasters on people, property and road traffic. (2) Compared with the existing results, the Beijing torrential rain flood risk zoning highlights the waterlogging of heavy rains on the city, the risk of flash floods and geological disasters caused by heavy rains, and the impact of heavy rains on the safety of urban transport facilities. (3) The results of risk zoning basically reflect the potential risks of heavy rain disasters in Beijing. The key areas of storm flooding disaster prevention in Beijing should be placed in three areas with high risk.
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.